Nuevas soluciones para América Latina

Transformando vidas y cambiando naciones

Los programas de Meditación Trascendental (MT) y MT-Sidhis son los métodos más exhaustivamente investigados y comprobados para producir un funcionamiento cerebral más coherente en el individuo, y para crear una sociedad más pacífica y armoniosa.

1. Beneficios individuales de la MT Más de 400 estudios de investigación publicados han demostrado que la técnica de la Meditación Trascendental puede reducir el estrés, la ansiedad y la tensión, a la vez que aumenta la inteligencia, la salud y la felicidad.

Se han llevado a cabo cientos de estudios científicos sobre los beneficios del programa de Meditación Trascendental en más de 200 universidades e instituciones de investigación independientes de todo el mundo en los últimos 40 años.

En los Estados Unidos, los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud han otorgado más de US$ 26 millones para investigar la efectividad de la MT para reducir el estrés y las enfermedades relacionadas con el estrés, con enfoque en las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Los hallazgos han sido publicados en revistas científicas líderes, como el American Journal of Cardiology y las revistas Stroke e Hipertension de la American Heart Association.

Reducción de las tasas de Mortalidad,
Ataque al Corazón, y Accidente Cerebro Vascular

Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 5, no. 6 (2012): 750–758

Trascendencia vs. Relajación

Efectividad en reducir
la Ansiedad de Trazo

Meta-Análisis de 146 Estudios

Journal of Clinical Psychology 45, no. 6 (1989): 957–974

2. Integración cerebral La técnica MT crea espontáneamente coherencia de ondas cerebrales, lo que significa que las diferentes áreas del cerebro trabajan juntas como un todo. Esta integración cerebral crea un funcionamiento más ordenado para la mente y el cuerpo.

La corteza prefrontal o “cerebro superior” es lo que nos distingue de las especies primitivas de los animales. Se asienta sobre el cerebro primitivo y ejerce control ejecutivo, incluido el juicio, la planificación, el razonamiento moral y el control de la atención. Pero en presencia de estrés, la corteza prefrontal se desliga.

Durante la técnica de la MT, cuando la mente trasciende y el cuerpo entra en un profundo estado de reposo, nuestro sistema nervioso disuelve las tensiones profundamente arraigadas, restaura la coherencia en el cerebro y reactiva la corteza prefrontal.

La MT desarrolla la coherencia EEG y la integración cerebral, proporcionando una herramienta poderosa para el aprendizaje y la creatividad. La MT:

  • Mejora habilidades básicas, reduce el abandono escolar, y aumenta el porcentaje de estudiantes que terminan sus estudios.
  • Mejora la atención, inteligencia, creatividad y el aprendizage en todas los grupos de edad, incluidos los ancianos.

El cerebro normal (imagen de la izquierda) muestra todas las áreas del cerebro involucradas en el pensamiento y la toma de decisiones, incluida la corteza prefrontal, de gran importancia. Cuando el cerebro es coherente y está completamente integrado en su funcionamento, nuestras decisiones, habla y acción reflejan ese orden dentro del cerebro.

Pero cuando el cerebro está estresado (imagen a la derecha) vemos lo que se llama “agujeros funcionales” en el cerebro. Estos no son hoyos reales, sino áreas del cerebro, incluida la corteza prefrontal, que no participan activamente en el pensamiento y la toma de decisiones.

La actividad en los “agujeros funcionales” del cerebro se restablece a medida que el flujo sanguíneo regresa en forma total al cerebro. Con la práctica regular de la MT, la corteza prefrontal vuelve a la normalidad y continua siendo más activa.

3. El doble de efectiva Una revisión de 600 estudios que involucraron a más de 20,000 personas mostró que la práctica de la Meditación Trascendental proporciona mayores beneficios de salud para la mente y el cuerpo que todas las otras formas de meditación y relajación.

La investigación científica muestra que el programa de Meditación Trascendental es dos veces más eficaz que otras técnicas de relajación o reducción del estrés para reducir la presión arterial y la ansiedad, aumentar la relajación física, mejorar el funcionamiento mental y disminuir el consumo de cigarrillos, alcohol y drogas.

La investigación cerebral ha identificado tres enfoques básicos para la meditación:

  1. Atención focalizada: concentración en un pensamiento o un objeto.
  2. Monitoreo abierto: observar la respiración, los pensamientos o el entorno.
  3. Auto trascendencia automática: experimentar espontáneamente niveles de pensamiento más acallados y lograr un estado único de alerta en profundo descanso.

La técnica de la Meditación Trascendental no requiere atención focalizada o concentración, ni monitoreo o concentración abierta. Es el proceso de auto trascendencia automática, y permite a la mente experimentar la fuente silenciosa del pensamiento en lo más profundo.

Los patrones de ondas cerebrales de la MT y el mindfulness son completamente diferentes. El monitoreo abierto o mindfulness crea conexiones no globales de coherencia EEG en el cerebro. La técnica MT, por otro lado, produce una coherencia global de ondas cerebrales. Esta es la base de los muchos cambios positivos en el pensamiento, el habla y el comportamiento, así como también la influencia de la coherencia que experimenta la sociedad como un todo.

Cognitive Processing 11(1) (2010): 21–30

Durante la técnica MT, nuestra mente se asienta fácilmente hacia adentro, moviéndose a través de niveles más tranquilos de pensamiento, hasta que experimentamos el nivel más silencioso y pacífico de nuestra propia conciencia: conciencia trascendental.

La Meditación Trascendental es completamente sin esfuerzo, y no implica tratar de vaciar la mente. Cualquiera puede practicar la MT con éxito y obtener los beneficios.

4. Coherencia en la comunidad Cuando el 1% de la población de una ciudad aprende la técnica MT, hay una disminución del crimen y de otros problemas sociales. La disminución del estrés en la vida de las personas reduce el nivel general de estrés en la sociedad en general.

Las personas estresadas crean una sociedad estresada. Un aumento en el estrés social es la primera etapa en el surgimiento de la guerra. A medida que el estrés y la tensión se acumulan y alcanzan un punto de ebullición, pueden convertirse en crímenes y conflictos a nivel local, e incluso en guerras y terrorismo a nivel nacional.

La práctica individual de la técnica de la MT alivia el estrés individual, como ha sido demostrada por una extensa investigación publicada. Se ha comprobado que la práctica de la MT en un 1% de la población reduce el estrés en la sociedad, lo que reduce la delincuencia violenta, la violencia doméstica y otros indicadores del estrés social.

La investigación también ha demostrado que es posible reducir la tensión sociales mediante la creación de grupos que practican el programa avanzado MT-Sidhis. En este caso, incluso la raíz cuadrada del 1% de la población, como un grupo dentro del ejército, o en universidades o escuelas, puede crear efectos positivos para toda la sociedad.

5. Proyectos de paz La investigación científica ha confirmado que grandes grupos que practican los programas MT y MT-Sidhis han reducido las muertes y los heridos de guerra en un promedio de 80%, y han logrado un progreso significativo en la restauración de la paz entre las facciones rivales.

Los estudios científicos han demostrado que la raíz cuadrada del 1% de la población que practica el programa MT-Sidhis en grandes grupos puede desactivar y prevenir el conflicto social en toda la región.

La investigación sobre tres grandes asambleas creadoras de coherencia reveló una reducción del 72% en el terrorismo mundial durante las tres asambleas en conjunto, en comparación con todas las otras semanas durante un período de dos años.

Un proyecto de demostración en Washington DC creó una caída significativa en el crimen, en contraste con el aumento habitual de la delincuencia durante los meses de verano.

Pero cuando los participantes regresaron a casa al final de estas asambleas, el crimen y el terrorismo volvieron a sus niveles anteriores. Esto muestra la importancia de establecer grupos permanentes que practiquen el programa MT-Sidhis.

El objetivo del proyecto Nuevas Soluciones es crear grupos permanentes de creación de coherencia de 5.000 a 10.000 personas a lo largo de América Latina.

Disminución del Crimen en Washington, D.C.

Bibliografía de publicaciones de investigación Esta bibliografía enumera 417 artículos sobre los programas de Meditación Trascendental y MT-Sidhis publicados en revistas revisadas por pares u otras publicaciones científicas independientes editadas. La mayoría de estos trabajos informan estudios originales o revisiones de investigaciones; un pequeño número proporciona comentarios o aclaraciones importantes con respecto a estudios específicos, incluidas las respuestas a críticas. Algunos estudios examinan un enfoque integral multimodal para la salud que incluye la MT.

2010 a la actualidad

  • Bai Z, Chang J, Chen C, Li P, Yang K, Chi I. Investigating the effect of transcendental meditation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Human Hypertension 2015 29:653–662. doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.6
  • Barnes VA, Orme-Johnson DW. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in adolescents and adults through the Transcendental Meditation® Program: a research review update. Current Hypertension Reviews 2012 8(3):227-242
  • Barnes VA. Transcendental Meditation and treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (Editorial comment). The Lancet Psychiatry 2018 5(12):946-947. doi.org/10.1016/ S2215-0366(18)30423-1
  • Barnes VA, Kapuku GK, Treiber FA. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on left ventricular mass in African American adolescents. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012:923153, 1-6. doi:10.1155/2012/923153
  • Barnes VA, Monto A, Williams JJ, Rigg JL. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on psychotropic medication use among active duty military service members with anxiety and PTSD. Military Medicine 2016 181(1):56-63. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00333
  • Barnes VA, Rigg JL, Williams JJ. Clinical case series: treatment of PTSD with Transcendental Meditation in active duty military personnel. Military Medicine 2013 178(7):e836-40. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00426
  • Brook RD, Appel LJ, Rubenfire M, Ogedegbe G, Bisognano JD, Elliott WJ, Fuchs F, Hughes JW, Lackland DT, Staffileno BA, Townsend RR, Rajagopalan S. Beyond medications and diet: alternative approaches to lowering blood pressure. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2013 61(6):1360- 1383
  • Cavanaugh KL, Dillbeck MC. The contribution of proposed field effects of consciousness to the prevention of US accidental fatalities: theory and empirical tests. Journal of Consciousness Studies 2017 24(1-2):53-86
  • Cavanaugh KL, Dillbeck MC. Field effects of consciousness and reduction in US urban murder rates: evaluation of a prospective quasi-experiment. Journal of Health and Environmental Research 2017 3(3-1):32-43. doi:10.11648/j.jher.s.2017030301.13
  • Chhatre S, Metzger DS, Frank I, Boyer J, Thompson E, Nidich S, Montaner LJ, Jayadevappa R. Effects of behavioral stress reduction Transcendental Meditation intervention in persons with HIV. AIDS Care: Psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV 2013 25(10):1291-1297. doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.764396
  • Colbert RD, Nidich S. Effect of the Transcendental Meditation Program on graduation, college acceptance and dropout rates for students attending an urban public high school. Education 2013 133(4):495-501
  • Dillbeck MC, Cavanaugh KL. Societal violence and collective consciousness: reduction of U.S. homicide and urban violent crime rates. SAGE Open 2016 6(2):1-16. doi:10.1177/2158244016637891
  • Dillbeck MC, Cavanaugh KL. Group practice of the Transcendental Meditation® and TM-Sidhi® Program and reductions in infant mortality and drug-related death: a quasi-experimental analysis. SAGE Open 2017 7(1):1- 15. doi:10.1177/2158244017697164
  • Elder C. Mind-body training for at-risk populations: preventive medicine at its best (Editorial). The Permanente Journal 2017 21(1):16-174. doi.org/10.7812/TPP/16-174
  • Elder C, Nidich S, Colbert R, Hagelin J, Grayshield L, Oviedo-Lim D, Nidich R, Rainforth M, Jones C, Gerace D. Reduced psychological distress in racial and ethnic minority students practicing the Transcendental Meditation Program. Journal of Instructional Psychology 2011 38(2):109-116
  • Elder C, Nidich S, Moriarty F, Nidich R. Effect of Transcendental Meditation on employee stress, depression, and burnout: a randomized controlled study. The Permanente Journal 2014 18(1):19-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7812/TPP/13-102
  • Faber PL, Travis F, Milz P, Parim N. EEG microstates during different phases of Transcendental Meditation practice. Cognitive Processing 2017 18(3):307-314. doi:10.1007/s10339-017-0812-y
  • Fergusson L. Vedic Science-based education, poverty removal and social well-being: a case history of Cambodia from 1980 to 2015. Journal of Indian Education 2016 41(4):16-45
  • Goldstein L, Nidich SI, Goodman R, Goodman D. The effect of transcendental meditation on self-efficacy, perceived stress, and quality of life in mothers in Uganda. Health Care for Women International 2018 39(7):734-754. doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2018.1445254
  • Haaga DAF, Grosswald S, Gaylord-King C, Rainforth M, Tanner M, Travis F, Nidich S, Schneider RH. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on substance use among university students. Cardiology Research and Practice 2011 – published online at Cardiol Res Pract. 2011:537101
  • Hatchard G, Cavanaugh KL. The effect of coherent collective consciousness on national quality of life and economic performance indicators—an analysis of the IMD index of national competitive advantage. Journal of Health and Environmental Research 2017 3(3-1):16-31. doi:10.11648/j.jher.s.2017030301.12
  • Herron R. Changes in physician costs among high-cost Transcendental Meditation practitioners compared with high-cost nonpractitioners over 5 years. American Journal of Health Promotion 2011 26(1):56-60
  • Herron R, Rees B. The Transcendental Meditation Program’s impact on the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder of veterans: an uncontrolled pilot study. Military Medicine 2018 183(1-2):e144-e150. doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usx059
  • Infante JR, Peran F, Rayo JR, Serrano J, Dominguez ML, Garcia L, Duran C, Roldan A. Levels of immune cells in transcendental meditation practitioners. International Journal of Yoga 2014 7(2):147-151
  • Infante JR, Peran F, Rayo JI, Serrano J, Dominguez ML, Garcia L, Duran C, Sanchez R, Roldan A. Daytime hormonal rhythms in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation-Sidhi program. Biomedical Research 2010 21:161-166
  • Kang SS, Erbes CR, Lamberty GJ, Thuras P, Sponheim SR, Polusny MA, Moran AC, Van Voorhis AC, Lim KO. Transcendental Meditation for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 2018 10(6):675-680. doi.org/10.1037/tra0000346
  • Mahone MC, Travis F, Gevirtz R, Hubbard D. fMRI during Transcendental Meditation practice. Brain and Cognition 2018 123:30-33. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2018.02.011
  • Mason LI, Orme-Johnson DW. Transcendental consciousness wakes up in dreaming and deep sleep. International Journal of Dream Research 2010 3(1):28-32
  • Nidich S, Mills PJ, Rainforth M, Heppner P, Schneider RH, Rosenthal NE, Salerno J, Gaylord-King C, Rutledge T. Non-trauma-focused meditation versus exposure therapy in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Psychiatry 2018 5(12):975-986. doi.org/10.1016/S2215- 0366(18)30384-5
  • Nidich S, Mjasiri S, Nidich R, Rainforth M, Grant J, Valosek L, Chang W, Zigler RL. Academic achievement and Transcendental Meditation: a study with at-risk urban middle school students. Education 2011 131(3):556-564
  • Nidich S, Nidich RJ, Salerno J, Hadfield B, Elder C. Stress reduction with the Transcendental Meditation program in caregivers: a pilot study. International Archives of Nursing and Health Care 2015 1(2): 011
  • Nidich S, O’Connor T, Rutledge T, Duncan J, Compton B, Seng A, Nidich R. Reduced trauma symptoms and perceived stress in male prison inmates through the Transcendental Meditation Program: a randomized controlled trial. The Permanente Journal 2016 20(4):16-007. doi.org/10.7812/TPP/16-007
  • Nidich S, Seng A, Compton B, O’Connor T, Salerno JW, Nidich R. Transcendental Meditation and reduced trauma symptoms in female inmates: a randomized controlled study. The Permanente Journal 2017 21(1):16- 008. doi.org/10.7812/TPP/16-008
  • O’Connell DF, Bevvino DL (eds). Prescribing Health: Transcendental Meditation in Contemporary Medical Care. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014
  • Ooi SL, Giovino M, Pak SC. Transcendental meditation for lowering blood pressure: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2017 34:26-34. doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.07.008
  • Orme-Johnson DW. The use of meditation in corrections. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 2011 55(4):662-664. doi:10.1177/0306624X10371803
  • Orme-Johnson D. Comment on 'Investigating the effect of transcendental meditation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis'. Journal of Human Hypertension 2016 30:412. doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.111
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Barnes VA. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Technique on trait anxiety: a meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2013 19:1-12
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Barnes VA. Comment on ‘Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being’. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2017 23(1):75-78. doi:10.1089/acm.2016.0273
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Barnes VA, Schneider RH. Transcendental Meditation for primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. In: R Allan, J Fisher (eds), Heart & Mind: the Practice of Cardiac Psychology, 2nd edition (pp.365-379). Washington DC: American Psychological Association, 2011
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Dillbeck MC. Methodological concerns for meta-analyses of meditation: comment on Sedlmeier et al (2012). Psychological Bulletin 2014 140(2):610-616. doi:10.1037/a0035074
  • Perkins J, Aquino-Russell C. Graduate nurses experience the sacred during Transcendental Meditation. International Journal for Human Caring 2017 32(4):163-171
  • Rasmussen LB, Mikkelsen K, Haugen M, Pripp AH, Fields JZ, Førre ØT. Treatment of fibromyalgia at the Maharishi Ayurveda Health Centre in Norway II—a 24-month follow-up pilot study. Clinical Rheumatology 2012 31(5):821-827. doi:10.1007/s10067-011-1907-y
  • Rees B. Overview of outcome data of potential meditation training for soldier resilience. Military Medicine 2011 176(11):1232-1242
  • Rees B, Travis F, Shapiro D, Chant R. Reduction in posttraumatic stress symptoms in Congolese refugees practicing Transcendental Meditation. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2013 26(2):295-298
  • Rees B, Travis F, Shapiro D, Chant R. Significant reductions in posttraumatic stress symptoms in Congolese refugees within 10 days of Transcendental Meditation practice. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2014 27(1):112- 115
  • Rosenthal JZ, Grosswald S, Ross R, Rosenthal N. Effects of Transcendental Meditation in veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom with posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study. Military Medicine 2011 176(6):626–630
  • Schneider RH. Response to AHA scientific statement on alternative methods and BP: evidence for upgrading the ratings for Transcendental Meditation. Hypertension 2013 62(6):e42 http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/early/2013/10/14/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02115.citation
  • Schneider RH, Carr T. Transcendental Meditation in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and pathophysiological mechanisms: an evidence-based review. Advances in Integrative Medicine (online) 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.aimed.2014.08.003
  • Schneider RH, Fields JZ, Salerno JW. Editorial commentary on AHA scientific statement on meditation and cardiovascular risk reduction. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension 2018 12(12):e57-e58 [epub ahead of print]. doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2018.11.005
  • Schneider RH, Grim CE, Rainforth MV, Kotchen T, Nidich SI, Gaylord-King C, Salerno JW, Kotchen JM, Alexander CN. Stress reduction in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: randomized, controlled trial of Transcendental Meditation and health education in blacks. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 2012 5(6):750-758
  • Schötz E, Otten S, Wittmann M, Schmidt S, Kohls N, Meissner K. Time perception, mindfulness and attentional capacities in transcendental meditators and matched controls. Personality and Individual Differences 2015. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.023
  • Travis F. Comparison of coherence, amplitude, and eLORETA patterns during transcendental meditation and TM-Sidhi practice. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2011 81(3):198-202
  • Travis F. Transcendental experiences during meditation practice. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2014 1307 (Advances in Meditation Research: Neuroscience and Clinical Applications):1-8. doi/10.1111/nyas.12316/full
  • Travis F. Transcending as a driver of development. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2016. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13071
  • Travis FT, Brown S. My brain made me do it: brain maturation and levels of self-development. In AH Pfaffenberger, PW Marko, T Greening (eds), The Postconventional Personality: Perspectives on Higher Development (pp. 23-38). New York: SUNY Press, 2011
  • Travis F, Grosswald S, Stixrud W. ADHD, brain functioning, and Transcendental Meditation practice. Mind & Brain, The Journal of Psychiatry 2011 2(1):73-81
  • Travis FT, Haaga DH, Hagelin JS, Tanner M, Arenander A, Nidich S, Gaylord-King C, Grosswald S, Rainforth M, Schneider RH. A self-referential default brain state: patterns of coherence, power, and eLORETA sources during eyes-closed rest and the Transcendental Meditation practice. Cognitive Processing 2010 11(1):21-30
  • Travis F, Parim N. Default mode network activation and Transcendental Meditation practice: focused attention or automatic self-transcending? Brain and Cognition 2017 111:86-94. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2016.08.009
  • Travis F, Shear J. Focused attention, open monitoring and automatic self-transcending: categories to organize meditations from Vedic, Buddhist and Chinese traditions. Consciousness and Cognition 2010 19(4):1110-1118
  • Travis F, Valosek L, Konrad IV A, Link J, Salerno J, Scheller R, Nidich S. Effect of meditation on psychological distress and brain functioning: a randomized controlled study. Brain and Cognition 2018 125:100-105. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2018.03.011
  • Valosek L, Link J, Mills P, Konrad A, Rainforth M, Nidich S. Effect of meditation on emotional intelligence and perceived stress in the workplace: a randomized controlled study. The Permanente Journal 2018 22:17-172. doi.org/10.7812/TPP/17-172
  • Walton KG, Olshansky B, Helene E, Schneider RH. Trials of Maharishi Ayurveda for cardiovascular disease: a pooled analysis of outcome studies with carotid intima-media thickness. Journal of Preventive Cardiology 2014 4(1):615-623
  • Wendt S, Hipps J, Abrams A, Grant J, Valosek L, Nidich S. Practicing Transcendental Meditation in high schools: relationship to wellbeing and academic achievement among students. Contemporary School Psychology 2015 19(4):312-319. doi:10.1007/s40688-015-0066-6
  • Yoshimura M, Kurokawa E, Noda T, Hineno K, Tanaka Y, Kawai Y, Dillbeck MC. Disaster relief for the Japanese earthquake-tsunami of 2011: stress reduction through the Transcendental Meditation® Technique. Psychological Reports: Mental & Physical Health 2015 117(1):1-11

2000 – 2009

  • Alexander CN, Kurth SC, Travis F, Alexander VK. Effect of practice of the children’s Transcendental Meditation technique on cognitive stage development: acquisition and consolidation of conservation. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):21-46
  • Alexander CN, Orme-Johnson DW. Walpole study of the Transcendental Meditation program in maximum security prisoners II: longitudinal study of development and psychopathology. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):127-160
  • Alexander CN, Rainforth MV, Frank PR, Grant JD, Von Stade C. Walpole study of the Transcendental Meditation program in maximum security prisoners III: reduced recidivism. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1- 4):161-180
  • Alexander CN, Walton KG, Goodman R. Walpole study of the Transcendental Meditation program in maximum security prisoners I: cross-sectional differences in development and psychopathology. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):97-126
  • Alexander CN, Walton KG, Orme-Johnson DW, Goodman RS, Pallone NJ (eds). Transcendental Meditation in Criminal Rehabilitation and Crime Prevention. Binghamton, New York: Haworth Press, 2003
  • Allison J. Respiratory changes during Transcendental Meditation. Lancet 1970 7651:833
  • Anderson JW, Liu C, Kryscio RJ. Blood pressure response to Transcendental Meditation: a meta-analysis.  American Journal of Hypertension 2008 21(3):310-316
  • Anklesaria FK, King MS. The Enlightened Sentencing Project: a judicial innovation. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):35-46
  • Anklesaria FK, King MS. The Transcendental Meditation program in the Senegalese penitentiary system.  Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):303-318
  • Arenander A, Travis FT. Brain patterns of Self-awareness. In B Beitman, J Nair (eds), Self-Awareness Deficits. New York: WW Norton, 2004
  • Barnes VA, Bauza LB, Treiber FA. Impact of stress reduction on negative school behavior in adolescents. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2003 1(1):10
  • Barnes VA, Orme-Johnson DW. Clinical and pre-clinical applications of the Transcendental Meditation program in the prevention and treatment of essential hypertension and cardiovascular disease in youth and adults. Current Hypertension Reviews 2006 2(3):207-218
  • Barnes VA, Orme-Johnson DW. El impacto de la reduccion del estres en el hypertension esencial y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Revista Internacional De Ciencias Del Deporte (International Journal of Sports Science) 2008 4(12):1-30
  • Barnes VA, Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Rainforth M, Staggers F, Salerno, J. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on mortality in older African Americans with hypertension—eight-year follow-up. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):201-216
  • Barnes VA, Treiber FA, Davis H. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on cardiovascular function at rest and during acute stress in adolescents with high normal blood pressure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2001 51(4):597-605
  • Barnes VA, Treiber FA, Johnson MH. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on ambulatory blood pressure in African American adolescents. American Journal of Hypertension 2004 17(4):366-369
  • Benn R. Transcendental Meditation (TM) and emotional functioning in fifth grade students. Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 2003 8:480-481
  • Bovee JC. Effects of Transcendental Meditation on blood pressure: a literature review. Modern Psychological Studies 2006 11:1-11
  • Broome JR, Orme-Johnson D, Schmidt-Wilk J. Worksite stress reduction through the Transcendental Meditation program. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):235-276
  • Brown CL. Overcoming barriers to use of promising research among elite Middle East policy groups. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):489-546
  • Camelia CR, Hawkins, MA. The use of meditation with at-risk youth in the Netherlands Antilles. Caribbean Journal of Criminology and Social Psychology 2005 10(1/2):102-140
  • Castillo-Richmond A, Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Cook R, Myers H, Nidich S, Haney C, Rainforth M, Salerno J. Effects of stress reduction on carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive African Americans. Stroke 2000 31(3):568-573
  • Chandler HM, Alexander CN, Heaton DP, Grant J. Transcendental Meditation and postconventional self- development: a 10-year longitudinal study. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):93-122
  • Cunningham CH, Brown S, Kaski JC. The effects of Transcendental Meditation on symptoms and electrocardiographic changes in patients with cardiac syndrome X: a pilot study. American Journal of Cardiology 2000 85(5):653-655
  • Davies JL, Alexander CN. Alleviating political violence through reducing collective tension: impact assessment analysis of the Lebanon war. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):285-338
  • Dixon C, Dillbeck MC, Travis F, Msemaje H, Clayborne BM, Dillbeck SL, Alexander CN. Accelerating cognitive and self development: longitudinal studies with preschool and elementary school children. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):65-91
  • Elder C, Aickin M, Bauer V, Cairns J, Vuckovic N. Randomized trial of a whole-system Ayurvedic protocol for type 2 diabetes. Alternative Therapies 2006 12(5):24-30
  • Elias AN, Guich S, Wilson AF. Ketosis with enhanced GABAergic tone promotes physiological changes in Transcendental Meditation. Medical Hypotheses 2000 54(4):660-662
  • Fields JZ, Walton KW, Schneider RH, Nidich SI, Pomerantz R, Suchdev P, Castillo-Richmond A, Payne K, Clark ET, Rainforth M. Effect of a multimodality natural medicine program on carotid atherosclerosis in older subjects: a pilot trial of Maharishi Vedic Medicine. American Journal of Cardiology 2002 89(8):952-958
  • Goodman RS, Goodman DH, Orme-Johnson DW. Congressional bipartisanship through a consciousness-based approach. Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association 2006 MPSA06 proceeding:137454.doc
  • Goodman RS, Goodman DH, Wolfson RA. A consciousness-based approach to human security. In MV Naidu (ed.), Perspectives on Human Security (pp.189-210). Brandon, Manitoba: Canadian Peace Research and Education Association, 2001
  • Goodman RS, Walton KG, Orme-Johnson DW, Boyer R. The Transcendental Meditation program: a consciousness-based developmental technology for rehabilitation and crime prevention. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):1-34
  • Grosswald SJ, Stixrud WR, Travis F, Bateh MA. Use of the Transcendental Meditation technique to reduce symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by reducing stress and anxiety: an exploratory study. Current Issues in Education [On-line] 2008 10(2).
  • Harung H, Travis F, Blank W, Heaton D. Higher development, brain integration, and excellence in leadership. Management Decision 2009 47(6):872-894
  • Hawkins MA. Effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation program in criminal rehabilitation and substance abuse recovery: a review of the research. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):47-66
  • Hawkins M, Alexander CN, Travis FT, Camelia CR, Walton KG, Durchholz CF, Rainforth MW. Consciousness- based approach to rehabilitation of inmates in the Netherlands Antilles: psychosocial and cognitive changes. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):205-228
  • Hawkins MA, Orme-Johnson DW, Durchholz CF. Fulfilling the rehabilitative ideal through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Programs: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):443-488
  • Heaton D, Harung HS. Awakening creative intelligence and peak performance: reviving an Asian tradition. Chapter in J Kidd et al. (eds), Human Intelligence Deployment in Asian Business. London: Macmillan, and New York: St. Martin's Press, 2001
  • Heaton D, Schmidt-Wilk J, Travis FT. Constructs, methods, and measures for researching spirituality in organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management 2004 17(1):62-82
  • Hebert JR, Lehmann D, Tan G, Travis FT, Arenander A. Enhanced EEG alpha time-domain phase synchrony during Transcendental Meditation: implications for cortical integration theory. Signal Processing 2005 85(11):2213-2232
  • Herriott EN, Schmidt-Wilk J, Heaton DP. Spiritual dimensions of entrepreneurship in Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program practitioners. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion 2009 6(3):195- 208
  • Herron RE, Cavanaugh KL. Can the Transcendental Meditation program reduce the medical expenditures of older people? A longitudinal cost-reduction study in Canada. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):415-442
  • Herron RE, Hillis SL. The impact of the Transcendental Meditation program on government payments to physicians in Quebec: an update—accumulative decline of 55% over a 6-year period. American Journal of Health Promotion 2000 14(5):284-291
  • Infante JR, Torres-Avisbal M, Pinel P, Vallejo JA, Peran F, Gonzalez F, Contreras P, Pacheco C, Roldan A, Latre JM. Catecholamine levels in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation technique. Physiology and Behavior 2001 72(2):141-146
  • Jayadevappa R, Johnson JC, Bloom BS, Nidich S, Desai S, Chhatre S, Razian D, Schneider RH. Effectiveness of Transcendental Meditation on functional capacity and quality of life of African Americans with congestive heart failure: a randomized control study. Ethnicity and Disease 2007 17:72-77
  • Jhansi Rani N, Krishna Rao PV. Effects of meditation on attention processes. Journal of Indian Psychology 2000 18:52-60
  • Jones C, Clayborne M, Grant JD, Rutherford G. Attacking crime at its source: consciousness-based education in the prevention of violence and anti-social behavior. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):229-256
  • King MS. Deterrence, rehabilitation and human nature: the need for a holistic approach to offenders. Criminal Law Journal 2000 24:335-345
  • King MS. Geraldton Alternative Sentencing Regime: applying therapeutic and holistic jurisprudence in the bush. Criminal Law Journal 2002 26:260-271
  • King MS. Natural law and the Bhagavad-Gita: the Vedic concept of natural law. Ratio Juris 2003 16:399-415 King MS, Carr T, D'Cruz C. Transcendental meditation, hypertension and heart disease. Australian Family Physician 2002 31:164-168
  • Kondwani KA, Lollis CM. Is there a role for stress management in reducing hypertension in African Americans? Ethnicity and Disease 2001 11:788-792
  • Magill DL. Cost savings from teaching the Transcendental Meditation program. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):319-332
  • Mason LI, Patterson RP, Radin DI. Exploratory study: the random number generator and group meditation. Journal of Scientific Exploration 2007 21(2):295-317
  • Nader T, Rothenberg S, Averbach R, Charles B, Fields JZ, Schneider RH. Improvements in chronic diseases with a comprehensive natural medicine approach: a review and case series. Behavioral Medicine 2000 26(1):34-46
  • Nidich SI, Fields JZ, Rainforth MV, Pomerantz R, Cella D, Kristeller J, Salerno JW, Schneider RH. A randomized controlled trial of the effects of Transcendental Meditation on quality of life in older breast cancer patients. Integrative Cancer Therapies 2009 8(3):228-234
  • Nidich SI, Nidich RJ, Alexander CN. Moral development and higher states of consciousness. Journal of Adult Development 2000 7(4):217-225
  • Nidich RJ, Nidich SI, Alexander CN. Moral development and natural law. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):137-149
  • Nidich S, Rainforth M, Haaga D, Hagelin J, Salerno J, Travis F, Tanner M, Gaylord-King C, Grosswald S, Schneider R. A randomized controlled trial on effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on blood pressure, psychological distress, and coping in young adults. American Journal of Hypertension 2009 22(12):1326-1331
  • Nidich SI, Schneider RH, Nidich RJ, Foster G, Sharma H, Salerno J, Goodman R, Alexander CN. Effect of the Transcendental Meditation program on intellectual development in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):217-226
  • Orme-Johnson DW. An overview of Charles Alexander's contribution to psychology: developing higher states of consciousness in the individual and the society. Journal of Adult Development 2000 7(4):199-215
  • Orme-Johnson DW. Preventing crime though the Maharishi Effect. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):257-281
  • Orme-Johnson DW. Evidence that the Transcendental Meditation program prevents or decreases diseases of the nervous system and is specifically beneficial for epilepsy. Medical Hypotheses 2006 67:240-246
  • Orme-Johnson DW. Commentary on the AHRQ report on research on meditation practices in health. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2008 14(10):1215-1221
  • Orme-Johnson, DW, Alexander, CN, Hawkins MA. Critique of the National Research Council’s report on meditation. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):383-414
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Barnes VA, Hankey AM, Chalmers RA. Reply to critics of research on Transcendental Meditation in the prevention and control of hypertension. Journal of Hypertension 2005 23(5):1107-1108
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Dillbeck MC, Alexander CN. Preventing terrorism and international conflict: effects of large assemblies of participants in the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):283-302
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Moore RM. First prison study using the Transcendental Meditation program: La Tuna Federal Penitentiary. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):89-96
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Oates RM. A field-theoretic view of consciousness: reply to critics. Journal of Scientific Exploration 2009 23(2):139-166
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Schneider RH, Son YD, Nidich S, Cho Z-H. Neuroimaging of meditation’s effect on brain reactivity to pain. NeuroReport 2006 17(12):1359-1363
  • Paul-Labrador M, Polk D, Dwyer JH, Velasquez I, Nidich SI, Rainforth M, Schneider RH, Bairey Merz CN. Effects of a randomized controlled trial of Transcendental Meditation on components of the metabolic syndrome in subjects with coronary heart disease. Archives of Internal Medicine 2006 166(11):1218-1224
  • Rainforth M, Alexander CN, Cavanaugh KL. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on recidivism of former inmates of Folsom Prison: survival analysis of 15-year follow-up data. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 35:181-204
  • Rainforth MV, Schneider RH, Nidich SI, Gaylord-King C, Salerno JW, Anderson JW. Stress reduction programs in patients with elevated blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Current Hypertension Reports 2007 9(6):520-528
  • Rasmussen LB, Mikkelsen K, Haugen M, Pripp AH, Førre ØT. Treatment of fibromyalgia at the Maharishi Ayurveda Health Centre in Norway. A six-month follow-up study. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2009: 27(Suppl. 56):S46-S50
  • Rosaen C, Benn R. The experience of Transcendental Meditation in middle school students: a qualitative report. Explore 2006 2:422-425
  • Schmidt-Wilk J. Consciousness-based management development: case studies of international top management teams. Journal of Transnational Management Development 2000 5(3):61-85
  • Schmidt-Wilk J. TQM and the Transcendental Meditation program in a Swedish top management team. The TQM Magazine 2003 15(4):219-229
  • Schmidt-Wilk J, Alexander CN, Swanson GC. Introduction of the Transcendental Meditation program in a Norwegian top management team. In B Glaser (ed.), Grounded Theory: 1984-1994. Mill Valley, California: Sociology Press, 2003
  • Schmidt-Wilk J, Heaton DP, Steingard D. Higher education for higher consciousness: Maharishi University of Management as a model for spirituality in management education. Journal of Management Education 2000 25(5):580-611
  • Schmidt-Wilk J, Orme-Johnson DW, Alexander V, Schneider RH (eds). Maharishi's Vedic psychology and its applications: honoring the lifework of Charles N Alexander PhD. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 2005 17(1)1-620 2005
  • Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Salerno J, Rainforth M, Nidich S. Stress reduction in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in high risk underserved populations: a review of controlled research on the Transcendental Meditation program. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):159-180
  • Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Salerno JW, Robinson Jr DK, Fields JZ, Nidich SI. Disease prevention and health promotion in the aging with a traditional system of natural medicine: Maharishi Vedic Medicine. Journal of Aging and Health 2002 14(1):57-78
  • Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Staggers F, Orme-Johnson D, Rainforth M, Salerno J, Sheppard W, Castillo- Richmond A, Barnes VA, Nidich SI. A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction in African Americans treated for hypertension for over one year. American Journal of Hypertension 2005 18(1):88-98
  • Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Staggers F, Rainforth M, Salerno JW, Hartz A, Arndt S, Barnes VA, Nidich SI. Long- term effects of stress reduction on mortality in persons >/=55 years of age with systemic hypertension. American Journal of Cardiology 2005 95(9):1060-1064
  • Schneider RH, Castillo-Richmond A, Alexander CN, Myers H, Kaushik V, Aranguri C, Norris K, Haney C, Rainforth M, Calderon R, Nidich S. Behavioral treatment of hypertensive heart disease in African Americans: rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial. Behavioral Medicine 2001 27(2):83-95
  • Schneider RH, Nidich SI, Salerno JW. The Transcendental Meditation program: reducing the risk of heart disease and mortality and improving quality of life in African Americans. Ethnicity and Disease 2001 11:159- 160
  • Schneider RH, Salerno J, Nidich SI. Future trends in use: focus on a traditional system of natural medicine. In N Cherniack, P Cherniack (eds), Alternative Medicine for the Elderly (pp. 73-87). New York: Springer-Verlag, 2003
  • Schneider RH, Walton KG, Salerno JW, Nidich SI. Cardiovascular disease prevention and health promotion with the Transcendental Meditation program and Maharishi Consciousness-Based Health Care. Ethnicity & Disease 2006 16(3) Supplement 4:15-26
  • Scurfield L. Transcendental Meditation. Australian Family Physician 2001 30:735-736
  • Seeman W, Nidich S, Banta T. Influence of Transcendental Meditation on a measure of self-actualization.
  • So KT, Orme-Johnson DW. Three randomized experiments on the holistic longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on cognition. Intelligence 2001 29(5):419-440
  • Sridevi K, Krishna Rao PV. Temporal effects of meditation on cognitive style. Journal of Indian Psychology 2003 21:38-51
  • Tanner MA, Travis F, Gaylord-King C, Haaga DAF, Grosswald S, Schneider RH. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2009 65(6):574-589
  • Tooley GA, Armstrong SM, Norman TR, Sali A. Acute increases in night-time plasma melatonin levels following a period of meditation. Biological Psychology 2000 53(1):69-78
  • Travis F. Brain functioning as the ground for spiritual experiences and ethical behavior. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 2009 78(5):26-32
  • Travis FT. Autonomic and EEG patterns distinguish transcending from other experiences during Transcendental Meditation practice. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2001 42(1):1-9
  • Travis FT. Transcendental Meditation technique. In WE Craighead, CB Nemeroff (eds), The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science, 3rd edition (pp.1705-1706). New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2001
  • Travis FT. From I to I: concepts of Self on an object-referral/ self-referral continuum. In AP Prescott (ed.), The Concept of Self in Psychology. New York: Nova Publishing, 2006
  • Travis FT. Relationship between meditation practice and transcendent states of consciousness. Biofeedback 2004 32(3):33-36
  • Travis FT, Arenander A. Cross-sectional and longitudinal study of effects of Transcendental Meditation practice on interhemispheric frontal asymmetry and frontal coherence. International Journal of Neuroscience 2006 116(12):1519-38
  • Travis FT, Arenander A, DuBois D. Psychological and physiological characteristics of a proposed object- referral/self-referral continuum of self-awareness. Consciousness and Cognition 2004 13(2):401-420
  • Travis F, Haaga DA, Hagelin J, Tanner M, Nidich S, Gaylord-King C, Grosswald S, Rainforth M, Schneider RH. Effects of Transcendental Meditation practice on brain functioning and stress reactivity in college students. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2009 71(2):170-176
  • Travis FT, Munly K, Olsen T, Sorflaten J. The significance of Transcendental Consciousness for addressing the ‘hard’ problem of consciousness. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):123-135
  • Travis FT, Olson T, Egenes T, Gupta HK. Physiological patterns during practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique compared with patterns while reading Sanskrit and a modern language. International Journal of Neuroscience 2001 109(1/2):71-80
  • Travis FT, Pearson C. Pure consciousness: distinct phenomenological and physiological correlates of ‘Consciousness Itself’. International Journal of Neuroscience 2000 100(1-4):77-89
  • Travis FT, Tecce J, Arenander A, Wallace RK. Patterns of EEG coherence, power and contingent negative variation characterize the integration of transcendental and waking states. Biological Psychology 2002 61(3):293-319
  • Travis FT, Tecce JJ, Guttman J. Cortical plasticity, contingent negative variation, and transcendent experiences during practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique. Biological Psychology 2000 55(1):41-55
  • Van Wijk EP, Koch H, Bosman S, Van Wijk R. Anatomical characterization of human ultraweak photon emission in practitioners of Transcendental Meditation and control subjects. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2006 12(1):31-38
  • Van Wijk EP, Ludtke R, Van Wijk R. Differential effects of relaxation techniques on ultraweak photon emission. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2008 14(3):241-250
  • Walton KG, Cavanaugh KL, Pugh ND. Effect of group practice of the Transcendental Meditation program on biochemical indicators of stress in non-meditators: a prospective time series study. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):339-376
  • Walton KG, Fields JZ, Levitsky DK, Harris DA, Pugh ND, Schneider RH. Lowering cortisol and CVD risk in postmenopausal women: a pilot study using the Transcendental Meditation program. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2004 1032:211-215
  • Walton KG, Levitsky DK. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on neuroendocrine abnormalities associated with aggression and crime. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):67-88
  • Walton KG, Schneider RH, Nidich SI. Review of controlled research on the Transcendental Meditation program and cardiovascular disease—risk factors, morbidity and mortality. Cardiology in Review 2004 12(5):262-266
  • Walton KG, Schneider RH, Nidich SI, Salerno JW, Nordstrom CK, Merz CN. Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease. Part 2: effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation program in treatment and prevention. Behavioral Medicine 2002 28(3):106-123
  • Walton KG, Schneider RH, Salerno JW, Nidich SI. Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease. Part 3: clinical and policy implications of research on the Transcendental Meditation program. Behavioral Medicine 2005 30(4):173-183
  • Warner TQ. Awareness and cognition: the role of awareness training in child development. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):47-64
  • Yamamoto S, Kitamura Y, Yamada N, Nakashima Y, Kuroda S. Medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in the generation of alpha activity induced by Transcendental Meditation: a magnetoencephalographic study. Acta Medica Okayama 2006 60(1):51-58

1990 – 1999

  • Alexander CN. Transcendental Meditation. In RJ Corsini (ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychology (pp.5465-5466). New York: Wiley Interscience, 1994
  • Alexander CN, Davies JL, Dixon CA, Dillbeck MC, Oetzel RM, Drucker SM, Muehlman JM, Orme-Johnson DW. Growth of higher stages of consciousness: Maharishi’s Vedic psychology of human development. In CN Alexander, EJ Langer (eds), Higher Stages of Human Development: Perspectives on Adult Growth (pp.286-341). New York: Oxford University Press, 1990
  • Alexander CN, Drucker SM, Langer EJ. Major issues in the exploration of adult growth. In CN Alexander, EJ Langer (eds), Higher Stages of Human Development: Perspectives on Adult Growth (pp.3-32). New York: Oxford University Press, 1990
  • Alexander CN, Heaton DP, Chandler HM. Promoting adult psychological development: implications for management education. Human Resource Management 1990 2:133-137
  • Alexander CN, Heaton DP, Chandler HM. Advanced human development in the Vedic Psychology of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: theory and research. In ME Miller, SR Cook-Greuter (eds), Transcendence and Mature Thought in Adulthood: The Further Reaches of Adult Development (pp.39-70). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 1994
  • Alexander CN, Langer EJ (eds). Higher Stages of Human Development: Perspectives on Adult Growth. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990
  • Alexander CN, Rainforth MV, Gelderloos P. Transcendental Meditation, self-actualization, and psychological health: a conceptual overview and statistical meta-analysis. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 1991 6(5):189-247
  • Alexander CN, Robinson P, Orme-Johnson DW, Schneider RH, Walton KG. The effects of Transcendental Meditation compared to other methods of relaxation in reducing risk factors, morbidity, and mortality. Homeostasis 1994 352:243-264
  • Alexander CN, Robinson P, Rainforth MV. Treating and preventing alcohol, nicotine, and drug abuse through Transcendental Meditation: a review and statistical meta-analysis. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1994 11(1/2):13-87
  • Alexander CN, Sands D. Meditation and relaxation. In FN McGill (ed.), McGill’s Survey of the Social Sciences: Psychology (pp.1499-1505). Pasadena, California: Salem Press, 1993
  • Alexander CN, Schneider RH, Staggers F, Sheppard W, Clayborne BM, Rainforth MV, Salerno J, Kondwani K, Smith S, Walton K, Egan B. Trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans: II. Sex and risk subgroup analysis. Hypertension 1996 28(2):228-237
  • Alexander CN, Swanson GC, Rainforth MV, Carlisle TW, Todd CC, Oates RM. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on stress reduction, health, and employee development: a prospective study in two occupational settings. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping 1993 6:245-262
  • Assimakis PD, Dillbeck MC. Time series analysis of improved quality of life in Canada: social change, collective consciousness, and the TM-Sidhi program. Psychological Reports 1995 76(3):1171-1193
  • Barnes VA, Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Staggers F. Stress, stress reduction, and hypertension in African Americans. Journal of the National Medical Association 1997 89(7):464-476
  • Barnes VA, Treiber FA, Turner JR, Davis H, Strong WB. Acute effects of Transcendental Meditation on hemodynamic functioning in middle-aged adults. Psychosomatic Medicine 1999 61(4):525-531
  • Bleick CR. Case histories: using the Transcendental Meditation program with alcoholics and addicts. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1994 11(3/4):243-269
  • Calderon R, Schneider R, Alexander CN, Myers H, Nidich S, Haney C. Stress, stress reduction and hypercholesterolemia in African Americans and whites: a review. Ethnicity and Disease 1999 9:451-462
  • Cranson RW, Orme-Johnson DW, Dillbeck MC, Jones CH, Alexander CN, Gackenbach J. Transcendental Meditation and improved performance on intelligence-related measures: a longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences 1991 12(10):1105-1116
  • Dillbeck MC. Test of a field hypothesis of consciousness and social change: time series analysis of participation in the TM-Sidhi program and reduction of violent death in the US. Social Indicators Research 1990 22(4):399- 418
  • Dillbeck MC. The concept of self in the Bhagavad-Gita and in the Vedic psychology of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: a further note on testability. Psychologia 1990 33(1):50-56
  • Dillbeck MC, Rainforth MV. Impact assessment analysis of behavioral quality of life indices: effects of group practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics Section (pp.38-43). Alexandria, Virginia: American Statistical Association, 1996
  • Elias AN, Wilson AF. Serum hormonal concentrations following Transcendental Meditation: potential role of gamma aminobutyric acid. Medical Hypotheses 1995 44(4):287-291
  • Ellis GA, Corum P. Removing the motivator: a holistic solution to substance abuse. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1994 11(3/4):271-296
  • Farwell LA, Farwell GW. Quantum mechanical processes and consciousness. Bulletin of the American Physical Society 1995 40(2):956-957
  • Fergusson LC. Field independence and art achievement in meditating and nonmeditating college students. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1992 75(7):1171-1175
  • Fergusson LC. Field independence, Transcendental Meditation, and achievement in college art: a re- examination. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1993 77(7):1104-1106
  • Fergusson LC, Bonshek AJ, Boudigues J-M. Personality and health characteristics of Cambodian undergraduates: a case study of student development. Journal of Instructional Psychology 1995 22:308-319
  • Fergusson LC, Bonshek AJ, Le Masson G. Vedic science based education and nonverbal intelligence: a preliminary longitudinal study in Cambodia. Higher Education Research and Development 1995 15(1):73-82
  • Gelderloos P. Maharishi‘s Vedic Psychology: alleviate suffering by enlivening bliss—reconnect the partial values of life with the wholeness of life. In MGT Kwee (ed.), Psychotherapy, Meditation & Health (pp.215–238). London: East-West Publications, 1990
  • Gelderloos P, Cavanaugh KL, Davies JL. The dynamics of US-Soviet relations, 1979-1986: a simultaneous transfer function analysis of US-Soviet relations. A test of the Maharishi Effect. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics Section (pp.297-302). Alexandria, Virginia: American Statistical Association, 1990
  • Gelderloos P, Hermans HJ, Ahlström HH, Jacoby R. Transcendence and psychological health: studies with long- term participants of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Journal of Psychology 1990 124(2):177-197
  • Gelderloos P, Walton KG, Orme-Johnson D W, Alexander CN. Effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation program in preventing and treating substance misuse: a review. International Journal of the Addictions 1991 26(3):293-325
  • Glaser JL, Brind JL, Vogelman JH, Eisner MJ, Dillbeck MC, Wallace RK, Orenteich N. Elevated serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi programs. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1992 15(4):327-341
  • Gustavsson B, Harung HS. Organizational learning based on transforming collective consciousness. The Learning Organization: an International Journal 1994 1(1):33-40
  • Hagelin JS, Rainforth MV, Orme-Johnson DW, Cavanaugh KL, Alexander CN, Shatkin SF, Davies JL, Hughes AO, Ross E. Effects of group practice of the Transcendental Meditation program on preventing violent crime in Washington, DC: results of the National Demonstration Project, June-July 1993. Social Indicators Research 1999 47(2):153-201
  • Haratani T, Hemmi T. Effects of Transcendental Meditation on health behavior of industrial workers. Japanese Journal of Public Health 1990 37:729
  • Haratani T, Hemmi T. Effects of Transcendental Meditation on mental health of industrial workers. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health 1990 32:656
  • Harung HS. Improved time management through human development: achieving most with least expenditure of time. Journal of Managerial Psychology 1998 13(5/6):406-428
  • Harung HS, Heaton DP, Alexander CN. A unified theory of leadership: experiences of higher states of consciousness in world-class leaders. Leadership & Organization Development Journal 1995 16:44-59
  • Hatchard GD, Deans AJ, Cavanaugh KL, Orme-Johnson DW. The Maharishi Effect: a model for social improvement. Time series analysis of a phase transition to reduced crime in Merseyside Metropolitan Area. Psychology, Crime and Law 1996 2(3):165-174
  • Heaton D, Harung HS. Vedic Management: enlightening human resources for holistic success. Chinmaya Management Review 1999 3:75-84
  • Herron RE, Hillis SL, Mandarino JV, Orme-Johnson DW, Walton KG. The impact of the Transcendental Meditation program on government payments to physicians in Quebec. American Journal of Health Promotion 1996 10(3):208-216
  • Herron R, Schneider RH, Mandarino JV, Alexander CN, Walton KG. Cost-effective hypertension management: comparison of drug therapies with an alternative program. American Journal of Managed Care 1996 2(4):427- 437
  • Infante JR, Peran F, Martinez M, Roldan A, Poyatos R, Ruiz C, Samaniego F, Garrido F. ACTH and beta-endorphin in Transcendental Meditation. Physiology and Behavior 1998 64(3):311-315
  • Istratov EN, Lyubimov NN, Orlova TV. Dynamic characteristics of modified consciousness during and after Transcendental Meditation. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 1996 121:117–119. (Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny 1996 121:128-130)
  • Jevning R, Anand R, Beidebach M, Fernando G. Effects on regional cerebral blood flow of Transcendental Meditation. Physiology and Behavior 1996 59(3):399-402
  • Jevning R, Wallace RK, Beidebach M. The physiology of meditation: a review. A wakeful hypometabolic integrated response. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 1992 16(3):415-424
  • Jhansi Rani N, Krishna Rao PV. Meditation and attention regulation. Journal of Indian Psychology 1996 14:26- 30
  • Knight S. Use of Transcendental Meditation to relieve stress and promote health. British Journal of Nursing 1995 4(6):315-318
  • Lyubimov NN. Changes in electroencephalogram and evoked potentials during application of a special form of psychological training (meditation). Human Physiology (Fiziologiya Cheloveka) 1999 25:171-180
  • MacLean CR, Walton KG, Wenneberg SR, Levitsky DK, Mandarino JV, Waziri R, Hillis SL, Schneider RH. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on adaptive mechanisms: changes in hormone levels and responses to stress after four months of practice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1997 22(4):277-295
  • Mason LI, Alexander CN, Travis FT, Marsh G, Orme-Johnson DW, Gackenbach J, Mason DC, Rainforth M, Walton KG. Electrophysiological correlates of higher states of consciousness during sleep in long-term practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation program. Sleep 1997 20(2):102-110
  • McCollum B. Leadership development and self development: an empirical study. Career Development International 1999 4(3):149-154
  • Mills PJ, Schneider RH, Hill D, Walton K, Wallace RK. Beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity in subjects practicing Transcendental Meditation. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1990 34(1):29-33
  • O’Connell DF. The use of Transcendental Meditation in relapse prevention counseling. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1991 8(1):53-68
  • O’Connell DF. Possessing the Self: Maharishi Ayur-Veda and the process of recovery from addictive diseases. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1994 11(3/4):459-495
  • O’Connell DF, Alexander CN (eds). Self recovery: Treating Addictions Using Transcendental Meditation and Maharishi Ayur-Veda. New York: Haworth Press, 1994
  • Orme-Johnson DW. Transcendental Meditation as an epidemiological approach to drug and alcohol abuse: theory, research, and financial impact evaluation. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1994 11(1/2):119-168
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Alexander CN, Davies JL. The effects of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field: reply to a methodological critique. Journal of Conflict Resolution 1990 34(4):756-768
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Herron R. An innovative approach to reducing medical care utilization and expenditures. American Journal of Managed Care 1997 3(1):135-144
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Walton KG. All approaches to preventing and reversing the effects of stress are not the same. American Journal of Health Promotion 1998 12(5):297-299
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Zimmerman E, Hawkins MA. Maharishi's Vedic Psychology: the science of the cosmic psyche. In HSR Kao, D Sinha (eds), Asian Perspectives on Psychology (pp.282-308). New Delhi, India: Sage Publications, 1997
  • Petrenko EV, Orlova TV, Lyubimov NN. Cerebral control of afferent somatosensory projections. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 1993 116(3):1046-1048. (Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny 1993 116:229-231)
  • Royer A. The role of the Transcendental Meditation technique in promoting smoking cessation: a longitudinal study. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1994 11(1/2):221-238
  • Schmidt-Wilk J, Alexander CN, Swanson GC. Developing consciousness in organizations: the Transcendental Meditation program in business. Journal of Business and Psychology 1996 10(4):429-444
  • Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Wallace RK. In search of an optimal behavioral treatment for hypertension: a review and focus on Transcendental Meditation. In EH Johnson et al. (eds), Personality, Elevated Blood Pressure, and Essential Hypertension (pp.291-312). Washington DC: Hemisphere Publishing, 1992
  • Schneider RH, Nidich SI, Salerno JW, Sharma HM, Robinson CE, Nidich RJ, Alexander CN. Lower lipid peroxide levels in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation program. Psychosomatic Medicine 1998 60(1):38-41
  • Schneider RH, Staggers F, Alexander CN, Sheppard W, Rainforth M, Kondwani K, Smith S, King CG. A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans. Hypertension 1995 26(5):820-827
  • Sharma HM, Alexander CN. Maharishi Ayur-Veda research review. Part 1: Transcendental Meditation. Complementary Medicine International 1996 3:21-28
  • Sharma HM, Clark C. Contemporary Ayurveda: Medicine and Research in Maharishi Ayur-Veda. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingston, 1998
  • Sharma HM, Dillbeck MC, Dillbeck SL. Implementation of the Transcendental Meditation program and Maharishi Ayur-Veda to prevent alcohol and drug abuse among juveniles at risk. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1994 11(3/4):429-457
  • Shaw RM, Dettmar DM. Monitoring behavioural stress control using a craniomandibular index. Australian Dental Journal 1990 35(2):147–151
  • Sheppard DH, Staggers F, John L. The effects of a stress management program in a high security government agency. Anxiety, Stress and Coping 1997 10(4):341-350
  • Smith D, Dillbeck MC, Sharma HM. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Transcendental Meditation. Alternative Therapies in Clinical Practice 1997 4(2):35-37
  • Sridevi K, Krishna Rao PV. Temporal effects of meditation and personality. Psychological Studies 1998 43:95- 105
  • Staggers Jr F, Alexander CN, Walton KG. Importance of reducing stress and strengthening the host in drug detoxification: the potential offered by Transcendental Meditation. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1994 11(3/4):297-331
  • Taub E, Steiner SS, Weingarten E, Walton KG. Effectiveness of broad spectrum approaches to relapse prevention in severe alcoholism: a long-term, randomised, controlled trial of Transcendental Meditation, EMG biofeedback and electronic neurotherapy. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1994 11(1/2):187-220
  • Travis FT. The junction point model: a field model of waking, sleeping, and dreaming relating dream witnessing, the waking/sleeping transition, and Transcendental Meditation in terms of a common psychophysiologic state. Dreaming 1994 4(2):91-104
  • Travis FT, Blasdell K, Liptak R, Zisman S, Daley K, Douillard J. Invincible Athletics program: aerobic exercise and performance without strain. International Journal of Neuroscience 1996 85(3/4):301-308
  • Travis FT, Orme-Johnson DW. EEG coherence and power during Yogic Flying: investigating the mechanics of the TM-Sidhi program. International Journal of Neuroscience 1990 54(1/2):1-12
  • Travis FT, Tecce JJ. Effects of distracting stimuli on CNV amplitude and reaction time. International Journal of Psychophysiology 1998 31(1):45-50
  • Travis FT, Wallace RK. Autonomic patterns during respiratory suspensions: possible markers of Transcendental Consciousness. Psychophysiology 1997 34(1):39-46
  • Travis FT, Wallace RK. Autonomic and EEG patterns during eyes-closed rest and Transcendental Meditation (TM) practice: a basis for a neural model of TM practice. Consciousness and Cognition 1999 8(3):302-18
  • Walton KG, Levitsky D. A neuroendocrine mechanism for the reduction of drug use and addictions by Transcendental Meditation. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1994 11(1/2):89-117
  • Walton KG, Pugh ND. Stress, steroids, and ‘Ojas’: neuroendocrine mechanisms and current promise of ancient approaches to disease prevention. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 1995 39(1):3-36
  • Walton KG, Pugh BS, Gelderloos P, Macrae P. Stress reduction and preventing hypertension: preliminary support for a psychoneuroendocrine mechanism. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 1995 1(3):263-283
  • Wenneberg SR, Schneider RH, McLean C, Levitsky DK, Walton KG, Mandarino JV, Salerno JW, Wallace RK, Waziri R. A controlled study of the effects of Transcendental Meditation on cardiovascular reactivity and ambulatory blood pressure. International Journal of Neuroscience 1997 89(1/2):15-28
  • Zamarra JW, Schneider RH, Besseghini I, Robinson DK, Salerno JW. Usefulness of the Transcendental Meditation program in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease. American Journal of Cardiology 1996 77(10):867-870

1980 – 1989

  • Agarwal BL, Kharbanda A. Effect of transcendental meditation on mild and moderate hypertension. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 1981 29:591-596
  • Alexander CN, Cranson RW, Boyer RW, Orme-Johnson DW. Transcendental Consciousness: a fourth state of consciousness beyond sleep, dreaming, and waking. In J Gackenbach (ed.), Sleep and Dreams: A Sourcebook (pp.282-312). New York: Garland Publishing, 1986
  • Alexander CN, Langer EJ, Newman RI, Chandler HM, Davies JL. Transcendental Meditation, mindfulness, and longevity: an experimental study with the elderly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1989 57(6):950- 964
  • Aron A, Aron EN. The Transcendental Meditation program's effect on addictive behavior. Addictive Behaviors 1980 5(1):3-12
  • Aron A, Aron EN. The pattern of reduction of drug and alcohol use among Transcendental Meditation participants. Bulletin of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors 1983 2(1):28-33
  • Aron A, Orme-Johnson D, Brubaker P. The Transcendental Meditation program in the college curriculum: a four-year longitudinal study of effects on cognitive and affective functioning. College Student Journal 1981 15(2):140-146
  • Aron EN, Aron A. Transcendental Meditation and marital adjustment. Psychological Reports 1982 51(7):887- 890
  • Badawi K, Wallace RK, Orme-Johnson D, Rouzeré A-M. Electrophysiologic characteristics of respiratory suspension periods occurring during the practice of the Transcendental Meditation program. Psychosomatic Medicine 1984 46(3):267-276
  • Banquet JP, Lesèvre N. Event-related potentials in altered states of consciousness. Progress in Brain Research 1980 54:447-453
  • Bleick CR, Abrams AI. The Transcendental Meditation program and criminal recidivism in California. Journal of Criminal Justice 1987 15(3):211-230
  • Blicher B, Blondeau F, Choquette C, Deans A, Drouin P, Glaser J, Thibaudeau P. Méditation Transcendantale: revue de la littérature scientifique. Le Médecin du Québec 1980 15(8):46-66
  • Brooks JS, Scarano T. Transcendental Meditation in the treatment of post-Vietnam adjustment. Journal of Counseling and Development 1985 64:212-215
  • Cavanaugh KL. Time series analysis of US and Canadian inflation and unemployment: a test of a field theoretic hypothesis. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics Section (pp.799-804). Alexandria, Virginia: American Statistical Association, 1987
  • Cavanaugh KL, King KD. Simultaneous transfer function analysis of Okun's misery index: improvement in the economic quality of life through Maharishi's Vedic science and technology of consciousness. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics Section (pp.491-496). Alexandria, Virginia: American Statistical Association, 1988
  • Cavanaugh KL, King KD, Ertuna C. A multiple-input transfer function model of Okun’s misery index: an empirical test of the Maharishi Effect. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics Section (pp.565-570), Alexandria, Virginia: American Statistical Association, 1989
  • Cavanaugh KL, King KD, Titus BD. Consciousness and the quality of economic life: empirical research on the macroeconomic effects of the collective practice of Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Proceedings of the Midwest Management Society (pp.183-190). Chicago: Midwest Management Society, 1989
  • Chen ME. A comparative study of dimensions of healthy functioning between families practicing the TM program for five years or for less than a year. Journal of Holistic Nursing 1987 5(1):6-10
  • Clements G, Krenner L, Mölk W. The use of the Transcendental Meditation program in the prevention of drug abuse and in the treatment of drug-addicted persons. Bulletin on Narcotics 1988 40(1):51-56
  • Dillbeck MC. Meditation and flexibility of visual perception and verbal problem solving. Memory and Cognition 1982 10(3):207-215
  • Dillbeck MC. Testing the Vedic Psychology of the Bhagavad-Gita. Psychologia 1983 26(3):232-240
  • Dillbeck MC. Transcendental Meditation alleviates stress. In J-M Etkins (ed.), The State of Corrections: Proceedings of American Correctional Association Annual Conferences, 1988 (pp.157-161). Laurel, Maryland: American Correctional Association, 1989
  • Dillbeck MC, Abrams AI. The application of the Transcendental Meditation program to corrections. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 1987 11(1):111-132
  • Dillbeck MC, Alexander CN. Higher states of consciousness: Maharishi Mahesh Yogi’s Vedic psychology of human development. The Journal of Mind and Behavior 1989 10(4):307-334
  • Dillbeck MC, Araas-Vesely S. Participation in the Transcendental Meditation program and frontal EEG coherence during concept learning. International Journal of Neuroscience 1986 29(1/2):45-55
  • Dillbeck MC, Assimakis PD, Raimondi D, Orme-Johnson DW, Rowe R. Longitudinal effects of the TM and TM- Sidhi program on cognitive ability and style. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1986 62(3):731-738
  • Dillbeck MC, Banus CB, Polanzi C, Landrith III GS. Test of a field model of consciousness and social change: Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and decreased urban crime. The Journal of Mind and Behavior 1988 9(4):457-486
  • Dillbeck MC, Bronson EC. Short-term longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on EEG power and coherence. International Journal of Neuroscience 1981 14(3/4):147-151
  • Dillbeck MC, Cavanaugh KL, Glenn T, Orme-Johnson DW, Mittlefehldt V. Effects of Transcendental Meditation and the TM-Sidhi program on quality of life indicators: consciousness as a field. The Journal of Mind and Behavior 1987 8(1):67-104
  • Dillbeck MC, Landrith III G, Orme-Johnson DW. The Transcendental Meditation program and crime rate change in a sample of forty-eight cities. Journal of Crime and Justice 1981 4:25-45
  • Dillbeck MC, Orme-Johnson DW. Physiological differences between Transcendental Meditation and rest. American Psychologist 1987 42(9):879-881
  • Dillbeck MC, Orme-Johnson DW, Wallace RK. Frontal EEG coherence, H-reflex recovery, concept learning, and the TM-Sidhi program. International Journal of Neuroscience 1981 15(3):151-157
  • Eppley K, Abrams A, Shear J. Differential effects of relaxation techniques on trait anxiety: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1989 45(6):957-974
  • Eyerman J. Transcendental Meditation and mental retardation. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1981 42(1):35-36
  • Farrell DJ. The reduction in metabolic rate and heart rate of man during meditation. In LE Mount (ed.), Energy Metabolism (pp.279-282). EAAP Publication # 26. London: Butterworth & Co., 1980
  • Farrow JT, Hebert JR. Breath suspension during the Transcendental Meditation technique. Psychosomatic Medicine 1982 44(2):133-153
  • Gallois P. Modifications neurophysiologiques et respiratoires lors de la pratique des techniques de relaxation. L'Encephale 1984 10:139-144
  • Garnier D, Cazabat A, Thébault P, Gauge P. Pulmonary ventilation during the Transcendental Meditation technique: applications in preventive medicine. Est-Médicine 1984 4(76):867-870
  • Gaylord C, Orme-Johnson D, Travis F. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique and progressive muscular relaxation on EEG coherence, stress reactivity, and mental health in black adults. International Journal of Neuroscience 1989 46(1/2):77-86
  • Gelderloos P, Beto ZH. The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and reported experiences of transcendental consciousness. Psychologia 1989 32(2):91-103
  • Gelderloos P, Frid MJ, Goddard PH, Xue X, Löliger SA. Creating world peace through the collective practice of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field: improved US-Soviet relations. Social Science Perspectives Journal 1988 2(4):80-94
  • Gelderloos P, Goddard III PH, Ahlström HH, Jacoby R. Cognitive orientation towards positive values in advanced participants of the TM and TM-Sidhi program. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1987 64(3):1003-1012
  • Gelderloos P, Lockie RJ, Chuttoorgoon S. Field independence of students at Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment and a Montessori school. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1987 65(6):613-614
  • Jedrczak A. The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and field independence. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1984 59(7):999-1000
  • Jedrczak A, Beresford M, Clements G. The TM-Sidhi program, pure consciousness, creativity and intelligence. Journal of Creative Behavior 1985 19(4):270-275
  • Jedrczak A, Miller D, Antoniou M. Transcendental Meditation and health: an overview of experimental research and clinical experience. Health Promotion 1988 2(4):369-376
  • Jedrczak A, Toomey M, Clements G. The TM-Sidhi program, age, and brief tests of perceptual-motor speed and non-verbal intelligence. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1986 42(1):161-164
  • Jevning R, Wells I, Wilson AF, Guich S. Plasma thyroid hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone, and insulin during acute hypometabolic state in man. Physiology and Behavior 1987 40(5):603-606
  • Jevning R, Wilson AF, O'Halloran JP. Muscle and skin blood flow and metabolism during states of decreased activation. Physiology and Behavior 1982 29(2):343-348
  • Jevning R, Wilson AF, O'Halloran JP, Walsh RN. Forearm blood flow and metabolism during stylized and unstylized states of decreased activation. American Journal of Physiology 1983 245 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol.14):R110-R116
  • Jevning R, Wilson AF, Pirkle H, Guich S, Walsh RN. Modulation of red cell metabolism by states of decreased activation: comparison between states. Physiology and Behavior 1985 35(5):679-682
  • Jevning R, Wilson AF, Pirkle H, O'Halloran JP, Walsh RN. Metabolic control in a state of decreased activation: modulation of red cell metabolism. American Journal of Physiology 1983 245 (Cell Physiol.14):C457-C461
  • Kember P. The Transcendental Meditation technique and postgraduate academic performance. British Journal of Educational Psychology 1985 55:164-166
  • Kroener D. Transzendentale Meditation und ihre Indikationen für den niedergelassenen Arzt. Biologische Medizin 1980 9(3):122-127
  • Lovell-Smith HD. Transcendental Meditation—treating the patient as well as the disease. New Zealand Family Physician 1982 9:62-65
  • Lovell-Smith HD. Transcendental Meditation and three cases of migraine. New Zealand Medical Journal 1985 98:443-445
  • McEvoy TM, Frumkln LR, Harkins SW. Effects of meditation on brainstem auditory evoked potentials. International Journal of Neuroscience 1980 10(2/3):165-170
  • Mills WW, Farrow JT. The Transcendental Meditation technique and acute experimental pain. Psychosomatic Medicine 1981 43(2):157-164
  • Nidich SI, Nidich RJ. Increased academic achievement at Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment: a replication study. Education 1989 109(3):302-304
  • Nidich SI, Nidich RJ, Rainforth M. School effectiveness: achievement gains at the Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment. Education 1986 107:49-54
  • Nidich SI, Ryncarz RA, Abrams AI, Orme-Johnson DW, Wallace RK. Kohlbergian moral perspective responses, EEG coherence, and the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Journal of Moral Education 1983 12(3):166-173
  • O'Halloran J, Jevning R, Wilson AF, Skowsky R, Walsh RN, Alexander CH. Hormonal control in a state of decreased activation: potentiation of arginine vasopressin secretion. Physiology and Behavior 1985 35(4):591- 595
  • Orme-Johnson, DW. Prison rehabilitation and crime prevention through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. In LH Hippchen (ed.), Holistic Approaches to Offender Rehabilitation (Chapter 19). Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas Press, 1981
  • Orme-Johnson DW. Medical care utilization and the Transcendental Meditation program. Psychosomatic Medicine 1987 49(1):493-507
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Alexander CN, Davies JL, Chandler HM, Larimore WE. International peace project in the Middle East: the effects of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field. Journal of Conflict Resolution 1988 32(4):776-812
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Dillbeck MC, Wallace RK, Landrith III GS. Intersubject EEG coherence: is consciousness a field? International Journal of Neuroscience 1982 16(3/4):203-209
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Gelderloos P. Topographic brain mapping during Yogic Flying. International Journal of Neuroscience 1988 38(3/4):427-434
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Gelderloos P, Dillbeck MC. The long-term effects of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field on the quality of life in the United States (1960 to 1983). Social Science Perspectives Journal 1988 2(4):127-146
  • Orme-Johnson DW, Haynes CT. EEG phase coherence, pure consciousness, creativity, and TM-Sidhi experiences. International Journal of Neuroscience 1981 13(4):211-217
  • Overbeck K-D. Auswirkungen der Technik der Transzendentalen Meditation (TM) auf die psychische und psychosomatische Befindlichkeit. Psychotherapie-Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie 1982 32(6):188-192
  • Rasmussen SG, Jensen MR, Rodenberg J. Præsentation af en sundhedsmodel. Ugeskrift for Lœger 1983 145:1900-1902 Journal of Counseling Psychology 1972 19(3):184-187
  • Stutz E. Transzendentale Meditation in der Medizin. Medizinische Klinik 1977 72(20):905-908 Subrahmanyam S, Porkodi K. Neurohumoral correlates of Transcendental Meditation. Journal of Biomedicine 1980 1:73-88
  • Travis FT, Orme-Johnson DW. Field model of consciousness: EEG coherence changes as indicators of field effects. International Journal of Neuroscience 1989 49(3/4):203-211
  • Turnbull M, Norris H. Effects of Transcendental Meditation on self-identity indices and personality. British Journal of Psychology 1982 73:57-69
  • Wallace RK, Dillbeck MC, Jacobe E, Harrington B. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program on the aging process. International Journal of Neuroscience 1982 16(1):53-58
  • Wallace RK, Mills PJ, Orme-Johnson DW, Dillbeck MC, Jacobe E. Modification of the paired H-reflex through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Experimental Neurology 1983 79(1):77-86
  • Wallace RK, Orme-Johnson DW, Mills PJ, Dillbeck MC. Academic achievement and the paired Hoffman reflex in students practicing meditation. International Journal of Neuroscience 1984 24 (3/4):261-266
  • Wallace RK, Silver J, Mills PJ, Dillbeck MC, Wagoner DE. Systolic blood pressure and long-term practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program: effects of TM on systolic blood pressure. Psychosomatic Medicine 1983 45(1):41-46
  • Walton KG, Francis D, Lerom M, Tourenne C. Behaviorally-induced alterations in urinary 5-hydroxyindoles. Transactions of the American Society for Neurochemistry 1983 14:199
  • Warshal D. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on normal and Jendrassik reflex time. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1980 50(3):1103-1106
  • Werner OR, Wallace RK, Charles B, Janssen G, Stryker T, Chalmers RA. Long-term endocrinologic changes in subjects practising the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Psychosomatic Medicine 1986 48(1/2):59-66
  • Wilson AF, Jevning R, Guich S. Marked reduction of forearm carbon dioxide production during states of decreased metabolism. Physiology and Behavior 1987 41(4):347-352
  • Wolkove N, Kreisman H, Darragh D, Cohen C, Frank H. Effect of Transcendental Meditation on breathing and respiratory control. Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology 1984 56(3):607-612

1970 – 1979

  • Abrams AI, Siegel LM. The Transcendental Meditation program and rehabilitation at Folsom State Prison: a cross-validation study. Criminal Justice and Behavior 1978 5(1):3-20
  • Abrams AI, Siegel LM. Transcendental Meditation and rehabilitation at Folsom Prison: response to a critique. Criminal Justice and Behavior 1979 6(1):13-21
  • Appelle S, Oswald LE. Simple reaction time as a function of alertness and prior mental activity. Perceptual and  Motor Skills 1974 38(3):1263-1268
  • Banquet JP. Spectral analysis of the EEG in meditation. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1973 35(2):143-151
  • Banquet JP, Sailhan M. Analyse E.E.G. d’états de conscience induits et spontanés. Revue d’Electroencéphalographie et de Neurophysiologie Clinique 1974 4(3):445-453
  • Bennett JE, Trinder J. Hemispheric laterality and cognitive style associated with Transcendental Meditation. Psychophysiology 1977 14(3):293-296
  • Berg WP, Mulder B. Psychological research on the effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on a number of personality variables. Gedrag: Tijdschrift voor Psychologie (Behaviour: Journal of Psychology) 1976 4:206-218
  • Bujatti M, Riederer P. Serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine metabolites in Transcendental Meditation. Journal of Neural Transmission 1976 39(3):257-267
  • Candelent T, Candelent G. Teaching Transcendental Meditation in a psychiatric setting. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1975 26(3):156-159
  • Cooper M, Aygen M. Effect of meditation on serum cholesterol and blood pressure. Harefuah, Journal of the Israel Medical Association 1978 95(1):1-2
  • Cooper M, Aygen M. Transcendental Meditation in the management of hypercholesterolemia. Journal of Human Stress 1979 5(4):24-27
  • Dillbeck MC. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation technique on anxiety level. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1977 33(4):1076-1078
  • Dillbeck MC, Aron AP, Dillbeck SL. The Transcendental Meditation program as an educational technology: research and applications. Educational Technology 1979 19:7-13
  • Doner DW. The Transcendental Meditation technique—a self-care program for the dialysis/transplant patient. Journal of the American Association of Nephrology Nurses and Technicians 1976 3(3):119-125
  • Ferguson PC, Gowan JC. Psychological findings on Transcendental Meditation. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 1976 16(3):51-60
  • Frew DR. Transcendental Meditation and productivity. Academy of Management Journal 1974 17:362-368 Friend KE, Maliszewski M. More on the reliability of the kinesthetic after-effects measure and need for  stimulation. Journal of Personality Assessment 1978 42(4):385-391
  • Geisler M. Therapeutische Wirkungen der Transzendentalen Meditation auf Drogenkonsumenten. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie 1978 7(4):235-255
  • Gräf D. Die Technik der Transzendentalen Meditation und ihre Wirkungen auf die Gesundheit. Erfahrungsheilkunde 1978 27(3):99-102
  • Gräf D. Die Transzendentale Meditation (TM) und ihre therapeutischen Möglichkeiten. Zeitschrift für Allgemeinmedizin 1978 54(12):701-709
  • Gräf D, Pfisterer G. Der Nutzen der Technik der Transzendentalen Meditation für die ärztliche Praxis. Erfahrungsheilkunde 1978 27(9):594-596
  • Hanley CP, Spates JL. Transcendental Meditation and social psychological attitudes. Journal of Psychology 1978 99:121-127
  • Hebert JR, Lehmann D. Theta bursts: an EEG pattern in normal subjects practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1977 42(3):397-405
  • Hjelle JA. Transcendental Meditation and psychological health. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1974 39(5):623-628 Holeman R, Seiler G. Effects of sensitivity training and Transcendental Meditation on perception of others.
  • Perceptual and Motor Skills 1979 49(5):270
  • Holt WR, Caruso JL, Riley JB. Transcendental Meditation vs pseudo-meditation on visual choice reaction time. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1978 46(3):726
  • Jevning R, Pirkle H, Wilson AF. Behavioral alteration of plasma phenylalanine concentration. Physiology and Behavior 1977 19(5):611-614
  • Jevning R, Wilson AF, Davidson JM. Adrenocortical activity during meditation. Hormones and Behavior 1978 10(1):54-60
  • Jevning R, Wilson AF, Smith WR. The Transcendental Meditation technique, adrenocortical activity, and implications for stress. Experientia 1978 34(5):618-619
  • Jevning R, Wilson AF, Smith WR, Morton ME. Redistribution of blood flow in acute hypometabolic behavior. American Journal of Physiology 1978 235(1):R89-R92
  • Jevning R, Wilson AF, VanderLaan EF. Plasma prolactin and growth hormone during meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine 1978 40(4):329-333
  • Kanellakos DP. Transcendental consciousness: expanded awareness as a means of preventing and eliminating the effects of stress. In CD Speilberger, IG Sarason (eds), Stress and Anxiety, Volume 5 (pp.261-315). Washington DC: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1978
  • Kemmerling T. Wirkung der Transzendentalen Meditation auf den Muskeltonus. Psychopathometrie 1978 4:437-438
  • Kniffki C. Transzendentale Meditation und Autogenes Training—ein Vergleich. In series Geist und Psyche.  Munich: Kindler Verlag, 1979
  • Lang R, Dehof K, Meurer KA, Kaufmann W. Sympathetic activity and Transcendental Meditation. Journal of Neural Transmission 1979 44(1/2):117-135
  • Levine PH. The coherence spectral array (COSPAR) and its application to the spatial ordering of the EEG. Proceedings of the San Diego Biomedical Symposium 1976 15:237-247
  • Ljunggren G. The influence of Transcendental Meditation on neuroticism, use of drugs and insomnia. Lakartidningen 1977 74(47):4212-4214
  • Marcus JB. Transcendental Meditation: a new method of reducing drug abuse. Drug Forum 1974 3(2):113-136 Martinetti RF. Influence of Transcendental Meditation on perceptual illusion. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1976
  • 43(7):822
  • McCuaig LW. Salivary electrolytes, proteins and pH during Transcendental Meditation. Experientia 1974 30(9):988-989
  • Monahan R. Secondary prevention of drug dependency through the Transcendental Meditation program in metropolitan Philadelphia. International Journal of the Addictions 1977 12(6):729-754
  • Nidich SI, Seeman W, Dreskin T. Influence of Transcendental Meditation: a replication. Journal of Counseling Psychology 1973 20(6):565-566
  • Nystul MS, Garde M. Comparison of self-concepts of Transcendental Meditators and nonmeditators. Psychological Reports 1977 41(5):303-306
  • Orme-Johnson DW. Autonomic stability and Transcendental Meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine 1973 35(4):341-349
  • Ottoson J-O. Transcendental Meditation. Swedish National Health Board publication: Socialstyrelsen, 1977 D: nr SN 3-9-1194/73
  • Pagano RR, Frumkin LR. The effects of Transcendental Meditation on right hemispheric functioning. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 1977 2(4):407-415
  • Pelletier KR. Influence of Transcendental Meditation upon autokinetic perception. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1974 39(7):1031-1034
  • Penner WJ, Zingle HW, Dyck R, Truch S. Does an in-depth Transcendental Meditation course effect change in the personalities of the participants? Western Psychologist 1974 4:104-111
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